Operating Cost Comparison of a Single-Stack and a Multi-Stack Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Through an Online Hierarchical Strategy

One of the recently suggested solutions for enhancing fuel economy and lifetime in a cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is use multi-stack (MS) structure FC system. However, to fully realize potential this structure, design an appropriate energy management strategy (EMS) necessary. This paper aims compare operating cost, including hydrogen consumption degradation FC, between single-stack (SS) MSFC-HEV. To do so, hierarchical EMS, composed two layers, devised MS In first layer, rule-based determines how many FCs should be ON according requested power, battery state charge (SOC), degradations. second equivalent minimization (ECMS) developed determine output power each activated cost function constraints. Regarding SS ECMS employed distribution. The purpose decrease system costs both structures. performance compared with dynamic programming (DP) as global optimization validation purposes. obtained results using experimental data show that FC-HEV reaches less than one.